The Possibility of an ANTIMATTER UNIVERSE and String Theory

[Summerlander]

Recently, the people at the LHC at CERN have captured antimatter.
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/british-columbia/antimatter-captured-in-major-scientific-breakthrough/article1803302/

Antimatter, according to team member Jeffrey Hangst of Aarhus University in Denmark, is the "mirror image of normal matter" – in theory identical but opposite. (Thus, if the universe – human beings included – was made of antimatter, it would look and feel the same.)

Maybe for every matter universe that is created there is always an antimatter one. Matter and antimatter are not compatible as they annihilate so at "the beginning", they literally became non-local to each other. Perhaps in the antimatter version of our universe there are scientists who are trying to study and understand matter particles. Remember Monroe's Journeys Out of the Body? Perhaps Locale III really was an antimatter universe...

There could be like a symmetrical effect between our universe and the anti-one. We already know that when matter and antimatter come into contact, they annihilate. What we haven't mentioned here is that when they annihilate, photons are produced. Photons are strange in physics as they are considered to be "virtual" particles. They come into existence briefly but long enough to reflect or carry the energy fluctuations that have taken place.

It is thought that the 'uncertainty principle' in quantum physics allows them to come into being briefly as the outcome of an energy interaction. Photons are not the only virtual particles. Also, an infinity of virtual particles appear and disappear all the time no matter what we do and have to be considered when making calculations. They also make life more difficult for the physicist!

Antimatter has an opposite charge to matter. In other words, for every particle, there exists an antiparticle. While we have electrons in our matter universe, the antiuniverse has positrons. Positrons were first discovered in 1932 by Carl D. Anderson while he analysed cosmic rays. Before that, their existence had been theorised because the quantum theory of the electron was noted to be incomplete.

I don't think antipeople can ever physically meet people in the same space and shake hands, for example. I think there must be a law that keeps the particles of their universe almost non-local to each other. However, OOBEs may make contact possible and perhaps it has already been done - read about Monroe's Locale III in his first book and the theories. Maybe as a disembodied consciousness we may make contact with these antipeople possible. For now, if you ever meet one of them physically in some neutral space (if there is such a thing) avoid touching them.

At our present level we can only speculate about the things that are presented to us from a limited, present, finite and current human perspective. From this perspective arises aspects such as the uncertainty principle when we study quantum physics and a plethora of theories are born. We don't get to see the full picture of the known physical universe, let alone the confirmation of the existence of other physical realities. The recent experiments that have confirmed to scientists the existence of antimatter have only made me speculate that for every matter universe that is created, an antimatter one will arise out of a symmetrical principle.

As far as I'm aware, I have not visited "Locale III" yet. Also, besides the non-locality of other realities which may compose a multiverse, there is also the possibility that our universe exists within a larger universe. I have often imagined that the reality we know is the quantum level of a larger 'universe' and that we may in fact exist inside an organism of unimaginable proportions who interacts in its rightful dimensions. This theory is purely born out of the fact that the macro world seems to imitate the micro world or even the subatomic realm in many respects.

Now... Let's take a look at the quantum chromodynamics which is the quantum theory of the atomic nucleus and the particles that make it up. The atomic nucleus is composed of particles larger than electrons called nucleons. Nucleons are types of hadrons, which means that they are highly interactive subatomic particles. Hadrons are made up of smaller particles called quarks which are held together by gluons. There are two types of nucleons: positively charged protons and noncharged neutrons. Protons and electrons are identically charged, but the proton is positive and the electron is negative.

Hadron colliders were used to find out what was inside protons. The quantum properties of the quarks that they are made of are mass, electrical charge, and spin. In quantum mechanics, a spin is not an actual spin but rather, the interaction with other particles. The two types of numerical value in a spin are: integer and half-integer. The six types of quarks that have been observed in experiments are: the up quark, down quark, charm quark, strange quark, top quark, and the bottom quark. A proton charge is reached by adding up the electrical charge of the three quarks inside it. Every proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark. Neutrons are composed of one up quark and two down quarks.

Theoretically, quarks have another quantum mechanical property: colour charge. This is similar to the electrical charge in principle but it is distinct in quarks. The three varieties are red, green and blue. They are not colours but rather names for the different types of charge. Quarks are actually smaller than the wavelength of visible light. The gluons that bind them are also known as gauge bosons for the strong nuclear force. Photons are the gauge bosons for electromagnetism. As you have probably gathered, bosons are seen as mediating forces of nature and they have an integer spin. It is speculated that there are bosons called gravitons which make gravity happen. Composite bosons can also exist by the combination of an even number of different fermions. Fermions are particles with a half-integer spin and a multiple number of them can't exist in the same quantum state according to the Pauli exclusion principle. Fermions are also seen as being a bit more "solid" and thought of as matter particles. A quark is an example of a fermion. Mesons are bosons made up of only two quarks. A lepton is a fermion. As far as scientists can tell, leptons are elementary particles that can't be broken down into smaller particles. The electron is an example of a lepton. There are also neutrinos which have almost no mass in terms of energy.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECkG_JdodMA&feature=related

The forces or interactions in physics can be broken down into four basic types: electromagnetism, weak nuclear force (these two combined are also seen as the electroweak force which, combined with quantum chromodynamics defines the strong nuclear force), gravity, and strong nuclear force. Gauge bosons work for these forces in nature. The photon for electromagnetism; the gluon for strong nuclear force; and the Z, W+ and W- bosons for weak nuclear force. Now, there is a theory in the Standard Model of particles physics which states that particles get their mass from a field that permeates all space and creates the Higgs boson. That is known as the Higgs mechanism and the field is known as the Higgs field (yet to be discovered). It takes a lot of energy for the field to create such boson and physicists have so far been unable to do this. On the other hand, gluons and photons are massless.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x9nk2BVedxM&feature=related

The Standard Model, however, fails to resolve the hierarchy problem. How do we connect the quantum to the macro in physics? Perhaps string theory can provide answers that can later be verified through experiments. The macro world may 'mirror' the subatomic world in terms of interactions and productivity. When massive stars explode in giant supernovas, elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, such as zinc, copper, and uranium are produced. These elements amongst many other heavy ones can be used to produce planets as gravity takes action. Supernovas produce enough energy to fuse protons together into heavy atomic nuclei.

Dark matter in our universe is as mysterious as the behaviour displayed by certain particles on a quantum level. Dark matter can't be observed, but, according to scientists, it has to exist in order to account for the fact that the gravitational effects of the universe don't match the amount of matter observed. There is actually more dark matter than baryonic matter, the matter which is visible and makes up us, the Earth, the other planets and the stars. Either that or the laws of physics are not following the patterns that we expected and we have grossly misunderstood how reality really works.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqWbwPoNLSw

[Pauli2]

Scientist Leslie Winkle has explained that loop quantum gravity provides the correct answer to all questions concerning particle physics (as opposed to the lame equations in string theory).

Pay specific attention to the particulars on non-renormalization.

[personalreality]

Subquantum Kinetics, that's where the answers are.

Quantum physics is practical, but it won't answer the mysteries.

[Pauli2]

Subquantum Kinetics, that's where the answers are.

I liked the picture on page 116.

[Summerlander]

So...space-time is a superposition of an infinite number of spin networks. Interesting! The trouble with this theory is that it needs experiments to back it up. Loop quantum gravity is also incapable of reproducing predictions made by the Standard Model.

I'm starting to get sick of this quantum zoo of theories for how reality works and not one has been officially declared as the explanation for everything. They all present problems and inconsistencies. What do you think about "M theory" though? Instead of strings...we could have membranes and strings. The eleven dimensions could be the answer to everything instead. But then again this theory is lacking in "back-up" too...